What is respiratory failure?

Your lungs give your body oxygen when you breathe. They also remove the waste product carbon dioxide from your body. Respiratory failure happens when the lungs aren't able to move enough oxygen into the blood and move enough carbon dioxide out of the blood. This is a severe problem.

Many things can cause lung failure. They include pneumonia and other serious infections, weak respiratory muscles, and problems with the airway. The doctor will look for the cause of the problem and then treat it if possible.

How is it treated?

To help your child's lungs get enough oxygen, the doctor may use a few devices. These vary in how much oxygen they give and how they help your child breathe. They are:

• A nasal cannula (say "KAN-yuh-luh"). This is a thin tube with two prongs that fit just inside your child's nose.
• A special face mask that delivers more oxygen. There are different kinds. A face mask with a bag on one end is called a non-rebreather mask.
• A high-flow nasal cannula. It can warm and wet the oxygen it delivers, so getting high amounts of oxygen feels better to your child.
• A nasal or a face mask attached to a bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) machine. These machines use different air pressures to help your child breathe in and out and can also give oxygen.
• A ventilator that helps your child breathe or that breathes for them. It controls how much air and oxygen flow into the lungs. This machine is connected to either a breathing tube in your child's windpipe or to a tracheostomy tube placed in your child's neck. Placing the tubes can be uncomfortable, so your child may get medicine to help them relax or sleep. They also will get fluid through an intravenous (I.V.) tube.
• Your doctor might suggest a tracheostomy tube if they think your child will need breathing support for a long time. Your child might also need a tracheostomy tube if doctors cannot place a breathing tube through your child’s mouth and into their windpipe (called an endotracheal tube). The tracheostomy tube is not uncomfortable for your child.

Your child will get regular tests to see how much oxygen is in their blood. Tests also can show how well their lungs are working. These tests help the doctor adjust the machines and oxygen supply.

The doctor will watch your child closely.