Influenza (Flu) Vaccines: Should I Get a Flu Vaccine?
You may want to have a say in this decision, or you may simply want to follow your doctor's recommendation. Either way, this information will help you understand what your choices are so that you can talk to your doctor about them.
Influenza (Flu) Vaccines: Should I Get a Flu Vaccine?
Get the facts
Your options
- Get a flu vaccine.
- Don't get a flu vaccine.
Key points to remember
- Most people get better from influenza (flu) without problems, but the flu can be deadly, even if you are healthy. It can lead to serious health problems such as pneumonia, or it can make an existing disease worse. On average each year in Canada, about 12,000 people end up in the hospital because of the flu, and about 3,500 people die from it.
- A flu vaccine may not always keep you from getting the seasonal flu, but it can make the symptoms milder and lower the risk of other health problems from the flu.
- A few people may not be able to get a flu vaccine. If you have a severe allergy to any part of the vaccine excluding eggs, have had a serious reaction to the vaccine in the past, have had Guillain-Barré syndrome within 6 weeks of a previous dose of flu vaccine, or are ill, be sure to tell the person who gives the vaccine.
- The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) recommends that everyone age 6 months and older should get a flu vaccine. But it's most important to get one if you're at high risk for other health problems from the flu. Those at high risk include young children, pregnant women, older adults, people who have chronic diseases or weak immune systems, people who live in continuing care or supportive living facilities, and Indigenous people.
- If you take care of someone who is at high risk, it's a good idea to get a flu vaccine. This can lower the chance that you could spread the flu to the person you care for.
- Flu viruses change quickly, so you need to get a flu vaccine every year.
- You can't get the flu from a flu vaccine.
FAQs
The flu vaccine contains a killed form of several types of flu viruses. The vaccine causes your immune system to make antibodies. Then, if you are exposed to the flu later, the antibodies can attack and destroy the virus.
It takes about 2 weeks for your body to make the antibodies. So it's best to get the flu vaccine as soon as it's available. But the vaccine can still help if you get it during the flu season.
Another form of the flu vaccine may be available as a spray that you breathe in through your nose. This vaccine (such as FluMist) contains live but weak viruses. Ask your doctor what is right for you. The spray is not available for free in Alberta.
Flu viruses change quickly, so each year scientists make a new vaccine. To have the best chance of being protected, you need to get a flu vaccine every year. You can't get the flu from a flu vaccine.
It is recommended that adults ages 18 to 64 who have had CAR T-cell therapy, who have had a stem cell transplant, or who have had or will have an organ transplant, and all adults ages 65 and older get a high-dose flu vaccine.footnote 2
If you are pregnant or breastfeeding/chestfeeding and you have had CAR T-cell therapy, a stem cell transplant, or have had or will have an organ transplant, talk to your healthcare provider about which vaccine is recommended for you.
The PHAC recommends that everyone age 6 months or older should get a flu vaccine each year.
A flu vaccine is especially important for people who are at high risk for getting other health problems from the flu. This includes:
- People who are age 65 or older.
- People who have long-term (chronic) diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, and lung disease, including asthma.
- People who live in continuing care or supportive living facilities.
- People who have a weak immune system.
- People who are pregnant.
- Young children.
- Indigenous people.
The flu vaccine is also important for people who could spread the flu to others who are at high risk. This includes:
- Anyone who lives with or cares for young children.
- Anyone in close contact with a person who is at high risk for other health problems from the flu. This includes family, friends, and caregivers.
- Health care workers.
Children younger than 6 months of age and people with severe, life-threatening allergies to the flu vaccine or any part of the vaccine should not get a flu vaccine.
Talk to your doctor before getting a flu vaccine if you:
- Have a severe allergy to any part of the vaccine (except eggs). If you have an allergy to eggs, you can safely get the vaccine.
- Have had a serious reaction to the flu vaccine in the past.
- Have had Guillain-Barré syndrome within 6 weeks of a previous dose of influenza vaccine.
People who can't get a flu vaccine but are at risk from the flu may be able to take an antiviral medicine instead.
The flu vaccine may keep you from getting the seasonal flu. This can save you time (fewer days missed from work or school) and money (fewer medicine costs). The flu vaccine can also help prevent the spread of the flu to others. If you are pregnant, it can help prevent your newborn baby from getting the flu.footnote 1
If you do get the flu, your symptoms may be milder and you may be less likely to have other health problems from the flu.
The flu vaccine may cause mild problems, such as soreness, redness, bruising, a hard spot, and swelling on the arm where you got the vaccine. You might also have a fever, chills, muscle aches, sore joints, headache, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, and feel tired for a day or two after you get the vaccine.
The flu vaccine can't cause the flu.
The risk of a serious problem from the flu vaccine (such as a bad allergic reaction) is very small.
Compare your options
| |
|---|
What is usually involved? |
| |
|---|
What are the benefits? |
| |
|---|
What are the risks and side effects? |
| |
|---|
Get the flu vaccineGet the flu vaccine- You get the vaccine at your doctor's office, workplace, health clinic, drugstore or grocery store, or any other place that offers it.
- It may keep you from getting the seasonal flu.
- If you do get the flu, your symptoms may be milder and you may be less likely to get other health problems from the flu.
- If you don't get influenza then you're less likely to spread the flu to others.
- If you are pregnant, it can help prevent your newborn baby from getting the flu.
- You might have for a few days:
- Soreness, redness, and swelling at the injection site.
- A fever or chills.
- Headache or body aches.
- Feeling tired.
- Poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, or diarrhea.
- An allergic reaction, but this is rare.
Don't get the flu vaccineDon't get the flu vaccine- You can take steps to prevent the flu: wash your hands often and keep your hands away from your face.
- You can avoid people who are sick.
- You avoid the side effects of the flu vaccine.
- You do not have to take the time to get a flu vaccine.
- You are more likely to get the flu.
- If you do get the flu, you may:
- Miss several days of work or school.
- Spend time on doctor visits and money on over-the-counter medicines.
- Get other health problems from the flu that may need to be treated in a hospital.
- Spread influenza to others.
- If you are pregnant, your baby may be more likely to get the flu before your baby can get the vaccine.
I am in very good health for my age. Still, I get a flu shot every year. Why take chances? I've seen too many friends end up in the hospital because they didn't take the flu seriously. I urge my kids to get it too, because you never know how nasty this year's flu strain might be.
My grandmother is in a nursing home, and I visit her every couple of weeks. I wouldn't want to risk giving her the flu, so I'm going to get the flu vaccine.
At my age, I don't see any reason to get a flu vaccine. I'm very strong, and I hardly ever get sick. I'm not worried about getting the flu.
What matters most to you?
Your personal feelings are just as important as the medical facts. Think about what matters most to you in this decision, and show how you feel about the following statements.
Reasons to get a flu vaccine
Reasons not to get a flu vaccine
I'll do whatever I can to avoid getting the flu.
I'm not worried about getting the flu.
More important
Equally important
More important
I can't afford to get sick and miss work or school.
I'm not worried about getting sick and missing work or school.
More important
Equally important
More important
I'm a big believer in vaccines.
I don't trust vaccines.
More important
Equally important
More important
I'm worried about getting other serious health problems from the flu.
I'm more worried about side effects from the vaccine.
More important
Equally important
More important
My other important reasons:
My other important reasons:
More important
Equally important
More important
Where are you leaning now?
Now that you've thought about the facts and your feelings, you may have a general idea of where you stand on this decision. Show which way you are leaning right now.
Getting a flu vaccine
NOT getting a flu vaccine
Leaning toward
Undecided
Leaning toward
What else do you need to make your decision?
1. How sure do you feel right now about your decision?
Not sure at all
Somewhat sure
Very sure
3. Use the following space to list questions, concerns, and next steps.
Your Summary
Here's a record of your answers. You can use it to talk with your doctor or loved ones about your decision.
Next steps
Which way you're leaning
How sure you are
Your comments
Key concepts that you understood
Key concepts that may need review
Credits
| Author | Healthwise Staff |
|---|
| Clinical Review Board | Clinical Review Board
All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals. |
|---|
References
Citations
- Committee on Infectious Diseases (2021). Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2021-2022. Pediatrics, 148(4): e2021053744. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-053744. Accessed June 29, 2022.
- Sinilaite A, et al. (2022). Summary of the NACI seasonal influenza vaccine statement for 2022–2023. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 48(9): 373–382. https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v48i09a01. Accessed October 10, 2022.
You may want to have a say in this decision, or you may simply want to follow your doctor's recommendation. Either way, this information will help you understand what your choices are so that you can talk to your doctor about them.
Influenza (Flu) Vaccines: Should I Get a Flu Vaccine?
Here's a record of your answers. You can use it to talk with your doctor or loved ones about your decision.
- Get the facts
- Compare your options
- What matters most to you?
- Where are you leaning now?
- What else do you need to make your decision?
1. Get the Facts
Your options
- Get a flu vaccine.
- Don't get a flu vaccine.
Key points to remember
- Most people get better from influenza (flu) without problems, but the flu can be deadly, even if you are healthy. It can lead to serious health problems such as pneumonia, or it can make an existing disease worse. On average each year in Canada, about 12,000 people end up in the hospital because of the flu, and about 3,500 people die from it.
- A flu vaccine may not always keep you from getting the seasonal flu, but it can make the symptoms milder and lower the risk of other health problems from the flu.
- A few people may not be able to get a flu vaccine. If you have a severe allergy to any part of the vaccine excluding eggs, have had a serious reaction to the vaccine in the past, have had Guillain-Barré syndrome within 6 weeks of a previous dose of flu vaccine, or are ill, be sure to tell the person who gives the vaccine.
- The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) recommends that everyone age 6 months and older should get a flu vaccine. But it's most important to get one if you're at high risk for other health problems from the flu. Those at high risk include young children, pregnant women, older adults, people who have chronic diseases or weak immune systems, people who live in continuing care or supportive living facilities, and Indigenous people.
- If you take care of someone who is at high risk, it's a good idea to get a flu vaccine. This can lower the chance that you could spread the flu to the person you care for.
- Flu viruses change quickly, so you need to get a flu vaccine every year.
- You can't get the flu from a flu vaccine.
FAQs
What is the flu vaccine?
The flu vaccine contains a killed form of several types of flu viruses. The vaccine causes your immune system to make antibodies. Then, if you are exposed to the flu later, the antibodies can attack and destroy the virus.
It takes about 2 weeks for your body to make the antibodies. So it's best to get the flu vaccine as soon as it's available. But the vaccine can still help if you get it during the flu season.
Another form of the flu vaccine may be available as a spray that you breathe in through your nose. This vaccine (such as FluMist) contains live but weak viruses. Ask your doctor what is right for you. The spray is not available for free in Alberta.
Flu viruses change quickly, so each year scientists make a new vaccine. To have the best chance of being protected, you need to get a flu vaccine every year. You can't get the flu from a flu vaccine.
It is recommended that adults ages 18 to 64 who have had CAR T-cell therapy, who have had a stem cell transplant, or who have had or will have an organ transplant, and all adults ages 65 and older get a high-dose flu vaccine.2
If you are pregnant or breastfeeding/chestfeeding and you have had CAR T-cell therapy, a stem cell transplant, or have had or will have an organ transplant, talk to your healthcare provider about which vaccine is recommended for you.
Who should get a flu vaccine?
The PHAC recommends that everyone age 6 months or older should get a flu vaccine each year.
A flu vaccine is especially important for people who are at high risk for getting other health problems from the flu. This includes:
- People who are age 65 or older.
- People who have long-term (chronic) diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, and lung disease, including asthma.
- People who live in continuing care or supportive living facilities.
- People who have a weak immune system.
- People who are pregnant.
- Young children.
- Indigenous people.
The flu vaccine is also important for people who could spread the flu to others who are at high risk. This includes:
- Anyone who lives with or cares for young children.
- Anyone in close contact with a person who is at high risk for other health problems from the flu. This includes family, friends, and caregivers.
- Health care workers.
Who should not get a flu vaccine?
Children younger than 6 months of age and people with severe, life-threatening allergies to the flu vaccine or any part of the vaccine should not get a flu vaccine.
Talk to your doctor before getting a flu vaccine if you:
- Have a severe allergy to any part of the vaccine (except eggs). If you have an allergy to eggs, you can safely get the vaccine.
- Have had a serious reaction to the flu vaccine in the past.
- Have had Guillain-Barré syndrome within 6 weeks of a previous dose of influenza vaccine.
People who can't get a flu vaccine but are at risk from the flu may be able to take an antiviral medicine instead.
What are the benefits of the flu vaccine?
The flu vaccine may keep you from getting the seasonal flu. This can save you time (fewer days missed from work or school) and money (fewer medicine costs). The flu vaccine can also help prevent the spread of the flu to others. If you are pregnant, it can help prevent your newborn baby from getting the flu.1
If you do get the flu, your symptoms may be milder and you may be less likely to have other health problems from the flu.
What are the risks of the flu vaccine?
The flu vaccine may cause mild problems, such as soreness, redness, bruising, a hard spot, and swelling on the arm where you got the vaccine. You might also have a fever, chills, muscle aches, sore joints, headache, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, and feel tired for a day or two after you get the vaccine.
The flu vaccine can't cause the flu.
The risk of a serious problem from the flu vaccine (such as a bad allergic reaction) is very small.
2. Compare your options
| Get the flu vaccine | Don't get the flu vaccine |
|---|
| What is usually involved? | - You get the vaccine at your doctor's office, workplace, health clinic, drugstore or grocery store, or any other place that offers it.
| - You can take steps to prevent the flu: wash your hands often and keep your hands away from your face.
- You can avoid people who are sick.
|
|---|
| What are the benefits? | - It may keep you from getting the seasonal flu.
- If you do get the flu, your symptoms may be milder and you may be less likely to get other health problems from the flu.
- If you don't get influenza then you're less likely to spread the flu to others.
- If you are pregnant, it can help prevent your newborn baby from getting the flu.
| - You avoid the side effects of the flu vaccine.
- You do not have to take the time to get a flu vaccine.
|
|---|
| What are the risks and side effects? | - You might have for a few days:
- Soreness, redness, and swelling at the injection site.
- A fever or chills.
- Headache or body aches.
- Feeling tired.
- Poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, or diarrhea.
- An allergic reaction, but this is rare.
| - You are more likely to get the flu.
- If you do get the flu, you may:
- Miss several days of work or school.
- Spend time on doctor visits and money on over-the-counter medicines.
- Get other health problems from the flu that may need to be treated in a hospital.
- Spread influenza to others.
- If you are pregnant, your baby may be more likely to get the flu before your baby can get the vaccine.
|
|---|
Personal stories
Personal stories about getting a flu vaccine
These stories are based on information gathered from health professionals and consumers. They may be helpful as you make important health decisions.
"I am in very good health for my age. Still, I get a flu shot every year. Why take chances? I've seen too many friends end up in the hospital because they didn't take the flu seriously. I urge my kids to get it too, because you never know how nasty this year's flu strain might be."
"My grandmother is in a nursing home, and I visit her every couple of weeks. I wouldn't want to risk giving her the flu, so I'm going to get the flu vaccine."
"At my age, I don't see any reason to get a flu vaccine. I'm very strong, and I hardly ever get sick. I'm not worried about getting the flu."
3. What matters most to you?
Your personal feelings are just as important as the medical facts. Think about what matters most to you in this decision, and show how you feel about the following statements.
Reasons to get a flu vaccine
Reasons not to get a flu vaccine
I'll do whatever I can to avoid getting the flu.
I'm not worried about getting the flu.
More important
Equally important
More important
I can't afford to get sick and miss work or school.
I'm not worried about getting sick and missing work or school.
More important
Equally important
More important
I'm a big believer in vaccines.
I don't trust vaccines.
More important
Equally important
More important
I'm worried about getting other serious health problems from the flu.
I'm more worried about side effects from the vaccine.
More important
Equally important
More important
My other important reasons:
My other important reasons:
More important
Equally important
More important
4. Where are you leaning now?
Now that you've thought about the facts and your feelings, you may have a general idea of where you stand on this decision. Show which way you are leaning right now.
Getting a flu vaccine
NOT getting a flu vaccine
Leaning toward
Undecided
Leaning toward
5. What else do you need to make your decision?
Check the facts
1. Can you get the flu from a flu vaccine?
That's right. You can't get the flu from a flu vaccine.
2. Is a flu vaccine safe for everyone?
That's right. Some people shouldn't get a flu vaccine without talking to their doctor first. These include people who have had a bad reaction to the flu vaccine in the past.
3. Should you get a flu vaccine if you have a long-term (chronic) disease, such as diabetes or heart disease, or a weak immune system?
That's right. It's important that people with chronic diseases or a weak immune system get the flu vaccine each year, because they are at high risk for other health problems from the flu.
Decide what's next
1. Do you understand the options available to you?
2. Are you clear about which benefits and side effects matter most to you?
3. Do you have enough support and advice from others to make a choice?
Certainty
1. How sure do you feel right now about your decision?
Not sure at all
Somewhat sure
Very sure
2. Check what you need to do before you make this decision.
3. Use the following space to list questions, concerns, and next steps.
Credits
| By | Healthwise Staff |
|---|
| Clinical Review Board | Clinical Review Board
All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals. |
|---|
References
Citations
- Committee on Infectious Diseases (2021). Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2021-2022. Pediatrics, 148(4): e2021053744. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-053744. Accessed June 29, 2022.
- Sinilaite A, et al. (2022). Summary of the NACI seasonal influenza vaccine statement for 2022–2023. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 48(9): 373–382. https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v48i09a01. Accessed October 10, 2022.
Note: The "printer friendly" document will not contain all the information available in the online document some Information (e.g. cross-references to other topics, definitions or medical illustrations) is only available in the online version.Current as of: June 12, 2023
Author: Healthwise Staff
Clinical Review Board
All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals.
Committee on Infectious Diseases (2021). Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2021-2022. Pediatrics, 148(4): e2021053744. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-053744. Accessed June 29, 2022.
Sinilaite A, et al. (2022). Summary of the NACI seasonal influenza vaccine statement for 2022–2023. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 48(9): 373–382. https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v48i09a01. Accessed October 10, 2022.
