Learning About Barium Swallow (Esophagram)
A barium swallow, also called an esophagram, uses a type of x-ray (video fluoroscopy) to see what happens when you swallow a food, liquid, or both.
The test takes pictures of your throat and esophagus (swallowing tube) while you are swallowing a liquid or food (or both). The test takes 15 to 20 minutes and is done by a radiologist.
This test helps to see:
- how your throat and esophagus work while you’re swallowing
- if there’s a swallowing problem
- what might help to make you swallow better
This test uses barium. Barium is a chalky-tasting material that is mixed with food or liquid (or both) for the test. When you swallow the food or liquid mixed with barium, it can be seen in the x-rays.
Why it is done
A barium swallow is done to check your esophagus. You might have a problem with your esophagus if you have symptoms like:
- difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
- pain while swallowing
- chest and stomach pain
- bad indigestion
- unexplained weight loss
- vomiting
A barium swallow can also be done to find out about your treatment options.
How to prepare
Before your test, tell your doctor or healthcare provider if you:
- have an allergy to barium
- are pregnant (or think you might be)
- have been sick (vomiting)
Preparation instructions for adults:
- Adults must stop eating and drinking after midnight on the night before their test.
- You can drink a small amount of clear liquids to swallow medicines that you have been prescribed.
Preparation instructions for children and babies:
- Children may be asked to stop eating and drinking after midnight on the night before their test.
- Babies can be fed up until 3 hours before their test. This may be different depending on where the test is done. Follow the instructions given to you by your baby’s healthcare team.
Before the test
- Remove any clothing or jewelry that is in the areas where the x-rays will be taken (like around your neck).
- Children may have a responsible adult stay in the room with them during the test.
During the test
You'll be asked to drink 1 to 2 cups of a liquid or food (or both), which are mixed with barium.
You'll need to drink the liquid while lying down and while standing up.?
After the test
After the test is done, you may feel bloated or have nausea. You'll have light-coloured bowel movements (poop) for 1 to 2 days.
To prevent constipation from the barium, drink lots of extra fluids for 1 to 2 days after the test.
?Risks
- You'll be exposed to a small amount of radiation during the test. If you have concerns, talk to your healthcare provider.
- There's a risk of barium getting into your airway during the test. The test can be stopped at any time if you're having problems.
- If barium gets into your lungs, it is not harmful.
If you get constipated, you can take an over-the-counter laxative (ask your doctor or pharmacist about this if needed). To prevent constipation from the barium, drink lots of extra fluids for 1 to 2 days after the test. If you don't have a bowel movement for 2 to 3 days after your test, talk to your doctor.
To see this information online and learn more, visit MyHealth.Alberta.ca/health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=custom.ab_barium_swallow_inst.
For 24/7 nurse advice and general health information call Health Link at 811.
Current as of: March 3, 2026
Author: Diagnostic Imaging, Alberta Health Services
This material is not a substitute for the advice of a qualified health professional. This material is intended for general information only and is provided on an "as is", "where is" basis. Although reasonable efforts were made to confirm the accuracy of the information, Alberta Health Services does not make any representation or warranty, express, implied or statutory, as to the accuracy, reliability, completeness, applicability or fitness for a particular purpose of such information. Alberta Health Services expressly disclaims all liability for the use of these materials, and for any claims, actions, demands or suits arising from such use.
