A discogram is a test in which a radiologist inserts a needle into the spinal disks to figure out where pain is located. When there is pain, it tells the radiologist they are in the correct location. This procedure does not usually use contrast dye, which is a fluid that shows up on an X-ray.
Disks are sponge-like cushions between the bones (vertebrae) of the spine. Disks act as a type of shock absorber for the spine. And they help give flexibility.
This test will reproduce your back or leg pain. This helps your radiologist find which disk is causing your symptoms. The test is often done when certain treatments for pain, such as surgery, are being considered. As part of the test, an X-ray image of the disk is taken. This image shows where and how the disk is damaged.
Possible risks and complications
Every procedure has risks. Your health care provider will discuss them with you. Some possible risks or complications of a discogram include:
- Bleeding.
- Infection.
- Nerve damage.
- A less than 1% chance of diskitis (infection of the disk).
- Increased lower back pain after the procedure.
- Headaches.
- Epidural abscess (infection around the spinal cord).
- Vaso-vagal reaction (sudden drop in heart rate and blood pressure) or allergic reaction.
Getting ready for your discogram
For your safety and the success of your test, tell your health care provider if you:
- Are pregnant or think you may be pregnant.
- Have any bleeding problems.
- Take blood thinners (anticoagulants) or other medicines, including aspirin, herbs, or vitamin supplements.
- Have any allergies.
- Have recently been sick or have any chronic conditions.
Get ready for your test as instructed. Be sure that you:
- Do any pre-test bloodwork that has been ordered for you.
- Stop taking medicines, herbs, and supplements before the test as advised by your provider.
- Follow any directions you're given for not eating or drinking before the test.
- Arrange for someone to drive you home after the test. If you do not have someone to drive you, the test will be cancelled. You may take a cab if there is someone with you.
The day of your discogram
Allow plenty of time before your appointment to check in. You'll need to sign a form stating that the risks and benefits of the test have been explained to you, your questions have been answered, and you agree to the procedure. If you have questions, ask them before you sign the form.
You must not take any pain medicines on the day of the test. If you take any pain medicines, the test will be cancelled.
Your visit will last at least 2 hours. Before the test starts, the radiologist will assess you. An I.V. (intravenous) will be inserted, and you will be given antibiotics 30 minutes before the test starts.
During the test, you will lie on your stomach on an examination table. The radiologist cleans your lower back and covers the area with sterile drapes. The area is numbed with freezing medicine. The radiologist places a needle into each disk that is being tested. Placing a needle into the spine will feel uncomfortable, and you will feel pain going down your leg when the needle is inserted. Remember that this pain helps the radiologist diagnose the correct area. They will ask how your pain feels, and if it’s like the pain you’ve felt before. It may be worse than your usual back pain. Make sure to tell the radiologist how you are feeling during the procedure. An X-ray of the spine will be taken. The radiologist may test more than 1 of your disks. This is so the results of the 2 areas can be compared and help to find what's causing your pain.
When the test is over, you will lie on your back for 30 minutes and then the radiologist will reassess you. The radiologist may tell you it’s OK to take whatever pain medicines you normally take when the test is over. The radiologist will tell you when you will get the results of your test.
Purpose of the examination
A discogram may be painful. But it can give your health care provider vital information to help plan your treatment.
After your discogram
- Have an adult friend or family member drive you home after the test.
- Take it easy for the rest of the day, as advised.
- Lie down with your head flat if you get a headache.
- You may be in more pain than normal for up to 5 days after the discogram. Your health care provider may advise medicine to help ease the pain. If the increased pain lasts longer than 5 days, tell your provider.
- Short-term numbness or weakness may occur.
When to contact your doctor
Contact your health care provider right away if you have:
- Pain in your back or legs that is getting worse.
- Fever of 38°C (100.4°F) or higher, or as directed by your provider.
- Chills.
- Numbness, tingling, or weakness in your legs.
- A headache that lasts for 2 days or more.
