Pelvic pain means discomfort felt in the lower part of the abdomen, between the hips. It can be sharp or dull, is constant or comes and goes and may affect people of all sexes and genders. There are many causes of pelvic pain including problems with muscles, joints, nerves, or internal organs such as the bladder, bowel, or reproductive system.

For some people, pelvic pain is linked to a specific condition like endometriosis, prostatitis, or pelvic floor dysfunction. For others, there may not be a clear cause, especially when pain becomes chronic. Stress, posture, or past injuries can also lead to pelvic pain.

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Sacroiliac (SI) joint pain is felt where the spine meets the pelvis and can cause discomfort in the lower back, buttocks, or legs. It may happen because of injury, arthritis, pregnancy, or changes in movement. The pain often gets worse with standing, walking, or shifting positions. Treatment may include physical therapy, medicines, or joint injections to help reduce pain and improve mobility.

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• Sacroiliac pain: Exercises

Coccyx pain, or tailbone pain, is felt at the very bottom of the spine. It’s often caused by a fall, sitting for a long time, childbirth, or repeated strain. The pain may be sharp or aching, especially when sitting or moving from sitting to standing. Treatment may include cushions, pain relief, physical therapy, or, in rare cases, further medical intervention.

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Groin pain is felt where the abdomen meets the upper thigh and can be caused by muscle strain, hernias, nerve irritation, or issues with nearby organs. It may develop suddenly with injury or gradually over time. Treatment depends on the cause and may include rest, physiotherapy, medication, or further medical evaluation.

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Anal pain is discomfort in or around the anus and can range from sharp to burning or aching. Common causes include hemorrhoids, fissures, infections, or muscle spasms. Even though it’s often not serious, pain that doesn’t go away or feels very strong should be checked by a healthcare provider to find out what’s causing it and how to treat it.

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Vulvar pain is discomfort in the external female genital area (the labia, the clitoris, and the opening to the vagina and urethra) and can feel like burning, stinging, or soreness. It may always be there or only happen when touched, moved, or from pressure. It can have many causes like infections, nerve pain, or skin conditions. A full check-up can help find the cause and the best way to treat it.

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Pain in the testicles can be sharp or dull and may come on suddenly or develop over time. It can be caused by injury, infection, inflammation, or other medical conditions. It’s important to get the pain checked, especially if it’s sudden or very strong.

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Penis pain can result from infection, inflammation, injury, or skin conditions. It may affect the shaft, head, or entire area, and can occur with urination (peeing), erections, or touch. Getting a check-up can help find the cause and the best way to treat it.

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