Overview

Managing the amount of carbohydrate (carbs) you eat is an important part of planning healthy meals when you have diabetes. Carbs raise blood glucose (sugar) more than any other nutrient. Carbs are found in grains, starchy vegetables, fruits, and milk and yogurt. Carbs are also found in sugar-sweetened foods and drinks.

The more carbs you eat at one time, the higher your blood glucose will rise. Counting carbs can help you keep your blood glucose within your target range.

If you use insulin, counting carbs helps you match the right amount of insulin to the number of grams of carbs in a meal.

Getting started

Carbohydrate counting means keeping track of how much carbohydrate you eat at meals and snacks. It helps you keep the amount of carbs you eat within a target range. Here's how to get started.

• Learn which foods have carbs.

  Bread, cereal, rice, pasta, beans and legumes, and starchy vegetables have about 15 g of carbohydrate per serving.

  • 1 slice (30 g) of bread
  • 3/4 cup (175 mL) of cooked wheat cereal
  • 1/3 cup (75 mL) cooked rice
  • 1/2 cup (125 mL) cooked pasta
  • 1/2 cup (125 mL) cooked beans, lentils, or peas
  • 1/2 cup (125 mL) corn
  • 1/2 cup (125 mL) mashed potatoes.

  Non-starchy vegetables have 5 grams or less of carbohydrate per serving.

  • 1 cup (250 mL) raw leafy vegetables
  • 1 cup (250 mL) other vegetables
  • 1/2 cup (125 mL) vegetable juice

  Fruits have about 15 grams of carbohydrate per serving.

  • 1 small fresh fruit, such as an apple or orange
  • 1/2 large banana
  • 1/2 cup (125 mL) of chopped, cooked, or canned fruit in juice or water
  • 1/2 cup (125 mL) of fruit juice
  • 2 tablespoons (60 mL) of dried fruit

  Milk and yogurt have about 15 grams of carbohydrate per serving.

  • 1 cup (250 mL) of non-fat or low-fat milk
  • 3/4 cup (175 mL) of plain yogurt

  You can use your hand to help you estimate the serving sizes of foods.

• Learn how many carbs to eat each day and at each meal.

  A registered dietitian or certified diabetes educator can help you learn to count carbs. And children, especially, need to work with a health professional to plan their carb goals. Here is an example of a carb guideline for an adult. Your carb needs may be different.

  • 45 to 60 grams at each meal.
  • 15 to 20 grams at each snack.
• Spreading carbs over the day helps to manage your blood glucose. Try to eat about the same amount of carbs at each meal.

  Don't "save up" your daily allowance of carbs to eat at one meal.

Eating a balanced diet

Here are some tips for eating a healthy, balanced diet when you count carbs.

• Work with a registered dietitian or a certified diabetes educator.

  They can help you plan the amount of carbohydrates to include in each meal and snack.

• Pay attention to serving sizes.
  • Read food labels to find carb amounts and the serving size.
  • It might be helpful to measure and weigh your food when you are first learning to count carbs.
• Choose lean protein sources.

  Foods that contain lean protein (such as beans, tofu, chicken, and fish) are an important part of a balanced diet.

• Eat less saturated fat.

  Choose unsaturated fats like canola oil and olive oil instead of butter or shortening. Nuts and seeds, fatty fish, and avocados are other healthy fat sources.

Helping a child who has diabetes

Carb counting can allow your child to eat a variety of foods, just like other kids. It can also help your child feel more in control and more confident in managing diabetes.

You can review this with your child's diabetes care team.
• Use your child's meal plan to help you and your child work together to select food for your child's meals and snacks.
• High-sugar foods or sweets should be eaten only sometimes and in smaller servings than starches, fruits, and milk.
• Check your child's blood glucose level often.
• If you check it before and 1 to 2 hours after a meal, you will be able to see how the food your child eats affects their blood glucose.
• Think about insulin needs.
• If your child needs mealtime insulin, you might be taught to adjust the amount of insulin needed to cover the amount of carbohydrate your child eats.
• Try writing down what your child eats and how it affects their blood glucose.
Learn more about carb counting for children with diabetes.